This reprint is a collection of peer-reviewed articles originally published in the Special Issue "Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases" in Medicina. It explores recent developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of metabolic disorders, highlighting the role of novel pharmacological agents, real-world data, and clinical strategies. This reprint serves as a valuable reference for endocrinologists, internists, clinical researchers, and healthcare professionals engaged in metabolic disease management.