{"product_id":"the-later-middle-ages-1272-1485-9780393003635","title":"The Later Middle Ages, 1272-1485","description":"English life in the thirteenth century was characterized by: a single Christian Church owing allegiance to Rome and living on the revenues of its estates; kingship with difficulty kept intact in the face of scheming magnates jealous of their privileges; a countryside divided into thousands of small estates, tilled by peasants--some of them serfs--and owned by lords with considerable power over their tenants; armies of knights fighting on horseback; Gothic cathedrals; monasteries; castles; town gilds. Professor Holmes describes this medieval society and its evolution, after the Black Death, into a somewhat different kind of society in the late fifteenth century. He argues that the population decrease as a result of the plague, beginning in 1349, brought about fundamental transformations: village life changed, serfdom disappeared, the great estates became less important, industry grew, and the commodities and directions of trade changed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e W. W. Norton \u0026amp; Company\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 10\/17\/1966\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780393003635\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 304\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.74lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.04h x 4.97w x 0.74d","brand":"George Holmes","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36636843147420,"sku":"9780393003635","price":21.24,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0473\/0804\/6492\/products\/img_cf331f87-6c16-4030-b576-fe30b1551f66.jpg?v=1603843125","url":"https:\/\/pastforward.org\/products\/the-later-middle-ages-1272-1485-9780393003635","provider":"Past Forward","version":"1.0","type":"link"}