{"product_id":"the-enemy-of-all-piracy-and-the-law-of-nations-9781890951948","title":"The Enemy of All: Piracy and the Law of Nations","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe pirate is the original enemy of humankind. Before humanitarian organizations, human rights, and the establishment of international law in the early modern period, the Roman statesmen already made this point perfectly clear. As Cicero famously remarked, there are certain enemies with whom one may negotiate and with whom, circumstances permitting, one may establish a truce. But there is also an enemy with whom treaties are in vain and war remains incessant. This is the pirate, whom the ancient jurists considered to be \"the enemy of all.\" \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eDeparting from Cicero's account of foes, \u003ci\u003eThe Enemy of All\u003c\/i\u003e reconstructs the shifting place of the pirate in legal and political thought from the ancient to the medieval, modern, and contemporary periods. Antiquity already encountered the sea thief in politics as in the law. Classical letters from Homer to the end of the Roman Empire contain ample accounts of pirates of various sorts. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThe Roman jurists assigned to the pirate as a legal person an exceptional position in civil and international law. Their theory was to be the point of departure for the Christian jurists of the Middle Ages, who defined the pirate as \"the enemy of the human species.\" Later, the thinkers and statesmen of modernity went one step further. Elaborating a new international code of law and ethics, the writers of the Enlightenment represented the pirate as the ultimate \"enemy of humanity.\" \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eToday, as Heller-Roazen argues, the pirate furnishes the key to the contemporary paradigm of the universal foe. This is a legal and political person of exception, neither criminal nor enemy, who inhabits an extraterritorial region. Against such a foe, states may wage extraordinary battles, policing politics and justifying military measures in the name of welfare and security. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eDrawing on the diverse materials of several disciplines, from law and history to political theory and literature, \u003ci\u003eThe Enemy of All\u003c\/i\u003e brings to light a single paradigm that defines the act of piracy. This \"piratical paradigm\" consists in the conjunction of four traits: a region beyond territorial jurisdiction; agents who may not be identified with an established state; the collapse of the distinction between criminal and political categories; and the transformation of the concept of war. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eWhenever we hear of regions beyond \"the line of the law,\" in which acts of \"indiscriminate aggression\" have been committed \"against humanity,\" we must begin to recognize that these are acts of piracy. Long said to be a person of the distant past, the enemy of all is closer to us today than we may think. Indeed, he may never have been closer.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Hardcover\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Zone Books\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 08\/10\/2009\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781890951948\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 274\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1.25lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.00h x 6.10w x 1.20d\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReview Citations: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003ci\u003eChronicle of Higher Education\u003c\/i\u003e 11\/06\/2009 pg. 20\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e 07\/01\/2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLondon Review of Books\u003c\/i\u003e 06\/24\/2010 pg. 33\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Daniel Heller-Roazen","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":41993196208309,"sku":"9781890951948","price":29.75,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0473\/0804\/6492\/products\/img_6b489754-fcbc-4f8c-b4e2-afa30285a341.jpg?v=1648524418","url":"https:\/\/pastforward.org\/products\/the-enemy-of-all-piracy-and-the-law-of-nations-9781890951948","provider":"Past Forward","version":"1.0","type":"link"}