{"product_id":"oil-and-gas-environmental-ecology-9781494600143","title":"Oil and gas environmental ecology","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis book covers the fundamental problems of the interaction of hydrocarbons with the biosphere. Hydrocarbons are a global phenomenon of our planet: in the biosphere they are ubiquitous and appear in a great variety of forms. For millennia oil and gas were released from the Earth's interior to its surface without becoming antagonists of the biosphere, and ancient peoples perceived oil occurrences as part of the environment. Since the twentieth century, however, the demand for fuel, energy and chemical resources has grown without interruption, hydrocarbons have been found on every inhabited continent and under the surrounding seas, and their expansion has collided with the ecological balances established by nature.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book is based on the authors' own long-term studies and on modern scientific sources. The first part deals with the chemical composition and toxicity of carbonaceous substances - crude oil, natural gas, hard bitumens and petroleum products - and with natural hydrocarbon flows in the biosphere, including the greater geochemical hydrocarbon cycle. Natural hydrocarbons take part in the evolution of the biosphere without damaging it; what is dangerous to wildlife is the excessive volume of anthropogenic emissions and the toxic compounds they carry with them.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe second part examines the main manifestations of petroleum anthropization: the environmental impact of production, transportation, refining and storage; atmospheric hydrocarbon pollution; the behaviour of oil in soil, anthropogenic salinization and changes in soil biocenoses; the pollution of surface water and groundwater; and the effects of oil on marine ecosystems.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe third part is devoted to the resilience of natural systems to pollution by oil and petroleum products: the factors of atmospheric resilience and the Earth's bacterial filter, the natural decomposition of oil in soils and the purification of soil biocenoses and vegetation, the self-purification of surface water, groundwater and the marine environment, and the technological approaches to the remediation of polluted land and to the cleanup of oil spills at sea.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe fourth part sets out the methods of diagnosis, monitoring and forecasting: instrumental chemical-analytical and biological diagnosis of oil pollution, the typology and origin of hydrocarbon geochemical fields in the soil cover, evaluation, operational and emergency-response environmental monitoring, and the forecasting of hazards and risks, including landscape-geochemical zoning of territories affected by oil production and the forecasting of emergencies in areas of high geodynamic activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book is addressed to a wide range of readers and students concerned with the ecological role of oil and gas in the environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Academus Publishing, Inc.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 06\/27\/2019\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781494600143\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 212\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 0.57lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 8.27h x 5.83w x 0.45d","brand":"Yury I. Pikovskiy,Nariman M. Ismailov,Marina F. Dorokhova","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52933505024181,"sku":"9781494600143","price":38.24,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/pastforward.org\/products\/oil-and-gas-environmental-ecology-9781494600143","provider":"Past Forward","version":"1.0","type":"link"}