{"product_id":"endgame-the-u-boat-inshore-campaign-9781862274853","title":"Endgame: The U-Boat Inshore Campaign","description":"By the time of the Normandy invasion in June 1944, the U-boats were a beaten force, hunted and harried wherever they appeared by Allied warships and aircraft. The U-boats proved to be little more than pin pricks against the landings, and advancing Anglo-American armies had driven them out of their French west Atlantic bases all the way back to Norway by September 1944. Yet the U-boat force mounted a sustained and effective campaign from their Norwegian bases. Admiral Doenitz revived the U-boat War against Allied merchant shipping with new inventions in the face of a massive Allied naval defence while Germany collapsed. The east coast waters were shallow and heavily mined. Other German naval forces made a significant contribution. The campaign also saw the first and only appearances of the new Type XXIII electric U-boats, a radically new submarine design, the forerunner of modern diesel-electric submarines. John White examines in detail the U-boat reaction to the Normandy Landings in June 1944, the Norwegian U-boat bases, German torpedoes, the interference by U-boat Command, the Scapa Flow carrier operation and the Allied response up to the final surrender in May 1945.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e History Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 08\/11\/2008\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781862274853\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 128","brand":"John White","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52435565772981,"sku":"9781862274853","price":21.21,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0473\/0804\/6492\/files\/img_3eab1380-4230-49a3-b2ef-051bcbed69b0.jpg?v=1776227216","url":"https:\/\/pastforward.org\/products\/endgame-the-u-boat-inshore-campaign-9781862274853","provider":"Past Forward","version":"1.0","type":"link"}