{"product_id":"chairzcneia-338-bce-the-fall-of-greece-9781804519905","title":"Chairôneia 338 Bce: The Fall of Greece","description":"\u003cb\u003eBoiotia in late summer 338 BCE demonstrates Philip II's tactical acumen and transformative leadership.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoiotia, late summer 338 BCE. The defeat and victory on the small Boiotian plain east of Chairôneia was to drag the Greek world of warring autonomous city-states into a proto-national state. The architect of this geopolitical shake-up, with its sudden death of old alliances and antagonisms, was Philip II of Macedon. He was a creative warrior king whose expansionist policies and military reforms had turned a turbulent unstable kingdom on the northern fringes of the Greek world into a regional superpower.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe battle itself was a hard-fought contest between the old-style citizen hoplite phalanx of the Greek states and the professional sarissa-armed phalanx of Macedon. His victory, the last but greatest of his career, clearly demonstrated Philip's tactical acumen and superior leadership skills.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Helion \u0026amp; Company\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 06\/15\/2026\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN:\u003c\/b\u003e 9781804519905\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 156","brand":"Nic Fields","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52733415030965,"sku":"9781804519905","price":33.96,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/pastforward.org\/products\/chairzcneia-338-bce-the-fall-of-greece-9781804519905","provider":"Past Forward","version":"1.0","type":"link"}